Human microbiota are distinct communities of microorganisms that resides at different body niches. Exploration of the human microbiome has become a reality due to the availability of powerful metagenomics and metatranscriptomic analysis technologies. Recent advances in sequencing and bioinformatics over the past decade help provide a deep insight into the nature of the host-microbial interactions and identification of potential deriver genes and pathways associated with human health, well-being, and predisposition to different diseases. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate the possible link between the microbiota and various type of diseases. The present review also highlights the potential utilization of microbiota as a potential therapeutic option to treat a wide array of human diseases.
Humans are viewed as composites of human and microbial cells. Human microbiota are complex and dynamic microbial communities composed mainly of bacteria, but also includes protozoa, archaea, viruses, and fungi that resides in and on different body niches such as oral cavity, throat, esophagus, stomach, colon, urogenital tract, respiratory tract, and skin. The number of microbial cells inhabiting human body is estimated to exceed the H.sapiens cells by 10-fold and estimated at 350 trillion microbial cells.
 |
| Microbiome-host interactions. Schematic representation showing the perplexed microbial-host interactions due to different triggering factors on microbiota and their genetic material constitute; the human microbiome. |
Source: Wiley
