Roles for mesenchymal stem cells as medicinal signaling cells

Understanding the in vivo identity and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is vital to fully exploiting their therapeutic potential. New data are emerging that demonstrate previously undescribed roles of MSCs in vivo. Understanding the behavior of MSCs in vivo is crucial as recent results suggest these additional roles enable MSCs to function as medicinal signaling cells. This medicinal signaling activity is in addition to the contribution of MSCs to the maintenance of the stem cell niche and homeostasis.

There is increasing evidence that not all cells described as MSCs share the same properties. Most MSCs reside in a perivascular location and have some functionalities in common with those of the pericytes and adventitial cells located around the microvasculature and larger vessels, respectively. 

Here we focus on the characteristics of MSCs that have been demonstrated to be similar to those of pericytes located around the microvasculature, defined as perivascular MSCs (pMSCs). Although we focus here on pMSCs, it is important to bear in mind that pericytes are found in many types of blood vessels, and that not all pericytes are thought to be MSCs.

Read more: Roles for mesenchymal stem cells as medicinal signaling cells

Source: NatureReviews

Neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory condition that affects the central nervous system and presents with various neurological and cognitive symptoms. Although these symptoms and the disease course of MS can vary considerably among affected individuals, most people with this condition exhibit a progressive accumulation of disability in the later phase of the disease.

This poster provides an overview of the pathophysiological contributions of both the immune system and the nervous system to MS and how these contributions change with disease progression. The poster also highlights the sites of action of the currently available drugs for MS and briefly touches on other therapeutic strategies that are being explored.

Calliope A. Dendrou, Robin J. Franklin and Lars Fugger

View poster: Neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis (high-resolution PDF (1.30 MB))

Source: nature.com